ʻO ka pōhaku makamae ikaika loa, ka pōhaku hānau o Iulai, he ruby ​​​​a i ʻole sapphire

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ruby ​​​​ka pōhaku makamae ikaika loa i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a pili pū me ka hele ʻana o nā hōʻailona hōkū.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia ka mea e hāʻawi i ka hōʻoia a me ka maluhia. A ʻo ka waiho ʻana ma lalo o ka uluna e pale aku i nā moeʻuhane ʻino. Pono e hoʻokomo i nā apo ruby ​​​​ma ka lima hema e loaʻa ai ka ikaika ola a hāʻawi i ka pale.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i makana ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ke aloha a me ke aloha, a he hōʻailona hoʻi ia o ke ola a me ke aliʻi e hāʻawi i ka wiwo ʻole.

Nā waiwai lapaʻau:

Hoʻohana ia me ke kahe o ke koko ma ke ʻano he kōkua i ke kahe ʻana, no ka mea, kōkua ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​germs i loko o ke koko.
ʻO ke kala o ka ruby ​​​​he ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ka kala i noi ʻia ʻo "koko nūnū", ʻo ia ka ʻulaʻula maʻemaʻe me nā aka uliuli.
Inā ʻulaʻula loa ia, he sapphire ʻulaʻula ia. Pela no, ina he violet, he sapphire violet.
ʻO ka ruby ​​maikaʻi loa a me ka ruby ​​hōkū he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ruby ​​​​mai Burma, Thailand a me ʻApelika.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo sapphire (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo sapphire) e hōʻike i nā ʻano pōhaku ʻokoʻa mai ka mineral corundum, ʻo ia ka alumini oxide ke loaʻa ke kala ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻulaʻula, a laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he sapphire. ma mua o ka uliuli ma ke kumu kūʻai, a ʻo ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele nā ​​waihoʻoluʻu sapphire maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke degere o ka poni e like me ka nui o ka chromium, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai kālā o ka pōhaku ke hele i ke kala ʻulaʻula o ka sapphire ʻulaʻula. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī, hoʻohana ʻia ka sapphire i nā lens infrared, nā aniani kiaʻi a me nā puka makani ikaika. ʻokoʻa ka noʻonoʻo e like me ke kala o ka pōhaku sapphire. ʻO Tanzania ke kumu nui o ka sapphire hoʻololi kala.Ma luna o ka niila transverse, ua like nā nila me ka metala rutile, a ʻo ka metala ka nui o ka titanium dioxide, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka hōkū ʻeono i ʻike ʻia me ke kumu kukui e ʻā mai ana mai luna mai. ʻAʻole pili wale ka waiwai o ka sapphire i ke kaumaha o ka carat o ka pōhaku akā i ke kala o ke kino, ka ʻalohi a me ka mānoanoa o ka hui hōkū.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Star of India ka hōkū sapphire nui loa ma ka honua a ke hōʻike ʻia nei ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma New York City. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōkū Bombay 182-carat (36.4 grams) i ka National Museum of Natural History, ma Wakinekona, DC, he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi ia o ka hōkū sapphire. ʻO nā ʻāpana eli ana ʻo Sapphire: Myanmar, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Australia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tanzania, Kenya a me Kina. ʻO ka home nui o ka Bombay Star nā mines o Sri Lanka. Ua alakaʻi ʻo Madagascar i ka honua i ka hana sapphire (e like me 2007) a ma mua o Australia ka mea hana nui loa o ka sapphire (a hiki i 1987) a ma 1991 ua ʻike ʻia kahi noho hou o ka sapphire ma hema o Madagascar.