He aha nā mea kupanaha ʻehiku o ka honua i pīhoihoi i ka honua?

He moʻolelo ko kēlā me kēia o nā mea kupanaha ʻehiku o ka honua e hōʻike ana i ke kumu o kona kūkulu ʻana a me kona kaulana, a ʻo kēia mau mea kupanaha:
Pyramid Khufu Nui

Ma ʻAigupita, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale nui loa ma ka honua. Ua kauoha ʻo Paraʻo Khufu i kāna hana ʻana i hale kupapaʻu nona, a ʻo ia ka nui o nā pyramid ʻekolu. Aia ka pyramid o Khufu ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Giza ma ʻAigupita. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 2584-2561 BC. He 20 makahiki ka lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻana, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kupanaha kahiko loa, ʻo nā honua ʻehiku; He 360 mau kānaka i hana ʻia, a he 2.3 miliona mau poloka pōhaku i hoʻohana ʻia, ma kahi o 2 mau tona no kēlā me kēia poloka. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pyramid ma kahi o 480 kapuaʻi; ʻo ia hoʻi 146 AD, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui loa o ka honua; Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa i kūkulu ʻia e ke kanaka no 4 mau makahiki, a ʻo ia wale nō ke koena o nā mea kupanaha ʻehiku o ka honua kahiko.

Na Kihapai o Babulona

Ma Iraq, ua kūkulu ke aliʻi o Babulona ʻo Nebukaneza i nā kīhāpai Hanging o Babulona ma Iraq i ka manawa ma waena o 605-562 BC; Ma ke ʻano he makana i kāna wahine, ka mea i makemake nui i kona ʻāina a me ka nani o kona ʻano, ʻo kekahi o nā wehewehe ʻoi loa nona ʻo ia ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Diodorus o Sicily, nāna i wehewehe iā lākou he mau mokulele kanu hoʻoinu. ʻO ka Hanging Gardens of Babylons he mau ʻāina pōhaku e piʻi mālie ana a ʻoi aku ma mua o 23 m, a hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ma ka piʻi ʻana ma ke ʻano o nā alapiʻi. I mea e mau ai ka uliuli a me ka pomaikai a puni ka makahiki, ua puni ia i ka moat ma kapa o ka muliwai Euperate, ewalu keia mau kihapai, a o ka puka kaulana loa o Ishtar.
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ke ola ʻana o nā kīhāpai kau o Babulona; No ka mea, ʻaʻole i haʻi aku ka mōʻaukala o Babulona, ​​ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio ka makuakāne o ka mōʻaukala ʻo Herodotus ma kāna wehewehe ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Babulona, ​​akā nui ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo i hōʻoia i ke ola ʻana, e like me: Diodorus, Philo, a me Strabo, a me na kihapai o Babulona i lukuia mahope o ko lakou mau hale, he olai ma ia wahi.

luakini o Artemisa

Ma Tureke, ua kukuluia ka luakini o Artemisa malalo o ka malu o ke Alii o Ludia, ke alii Croesus i ka makahiki 550 BC, a ua kapaia kona inoa mamuli o ka Moiwahine Artemisa, Ua hiki aku kona kiekie i 120 kapuai a o kona laula he 425 kapuai. na kekahi kanaka i kapaia o Herostratus; Ma Iulai 225, 127 BC, ua puhi ʻo Herostratus i ke ahi i ka luakini; Me ka manaʻo e haʻi aku iā ia iho ma ka luku ʻana i kekahi o nā hale kupanaha loa i kūkulu ʻia e nā kānaka, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻae ka poʻe Epeso.
ʻO ka luakini i kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale kamahaʻo a kupaianaha, a hāʻawi ʻo Alexander II i kāna hana ʻana, akā ʻo ka poʻe o ʻEpeso mua i hōʻole ʻia, akā ua kūkulu hou ʻia ma hope o kona make ʻana akā ma kahi pānaʻi liʻiliʻi, a ua luku hou ʻia. e ka poe Goth i kona wa i hoouka ai i Helene, alaila ua kukuluia ke kolu a me ka hope no ka A laila ua luku loa ia i ka makahiki 401 BC, i ka wa i pana aku ai ka poe Kristiano nui ma lalo o ke kauoha a Sana Ioane, e like me ka mea a ka mea kākau moʻolelo Strabo i olelo ai ma. kāna puke, a ʻo kekahi o kāna mau ʻāpana ke mālama ʻia nei i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Pelekane.

Kii o Zeus

Ma Olympia, ua hanaʻia ke kiʻi o Zeus e kekahi o nā mea kālai kiʻi maikaʻi loa o ka honua,ʻo ka Greek sculptor Phidias, i ka makahikiʻelima BC; No ka hanohano o ke akua Zeus, ua hōʻike ʻo Phidias i ke akua ʻo Zeus e noho ana ma kona noho aliʻi, a ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka niho ʻelepani i kāna hana ʻana e hōʻike i kona kino, a ʻo kona ʻaʻahu o ke gula hammered, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kiʻi i hiki i 12 m, a ʻo ka pahuhopu. ʻO kona nui ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka puʻuwai o Zeus me ka weliweli. , kahi āna i makemake ai e kiʻi iā ia oiai ʻo ia e noho ana, akā no kona kiʻekiʻe ua ʻike ʻia me he mea lā e kū ana ʻo ia e hoʻopā i ke kaupaku, a no laila ʻo kāna manaʻo o nā ana. hewahewa. Ua hoʻohiolo ʻia ke kiʻi a hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Constantinople e luku ʻia e ke ahi, ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka hoʻomana Karistiano a me ka pāpā ʻana i nā hana hoʻomana kiʻi.

Mausoleum o Halicarnassus (Mausolus)

Ma Tureke, ua kukuluia ka halekupapau o ka Moi Perusia Satrap Mausolus, i kapaia ka Mausoleum o Halicarnassus, i ka makahiki 351 BC, a ua kapaia kona inoa mamuli o ke kulanakauhale o Halicarnassus, a ke alii i lawe ai i kapikala nona. Ma laila i hoʻomanaʻo ai, a ʻelua makahiki ma hope mai, ua make nō hoʻi ʻo ia, a ua waiho ʻia kona mau kino me kāna kāne. Ua hiki aku ke kiekie o ka halekupapau i ka 353 kapuai, a he 135 kanaka kalai Helene i komo iloko o kona hoonani ana, a ua oleloia ua hoomau lakou i ka hana ana iloko o ia hale a hiki i ka make ana o ka Moi a me ka Moiwahine iloko o ko lakou hoomanao ana, a he mea ia e kaulana ai lakou. Ua luku ʻia ka luakini e kekahi hui o nā olai, a i ka makahiki 4 AD, ua hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e ka pūʻali koa o Saint John i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Hale Kakela ʻo Bodrum, a ʻo nā pōhaku i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā.
ʻEkolu ʻāpana o ka hale kupapaʻu mai loko mai, ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, ʻike ka malihini i kahi hale nui i kūkulu ʻia me ke kinikini keʻokeʻo, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka papa lua, nona nā kolamu 36 i māhele ʻia ma luna o nā ʻāpana e kākoʻo i ke kaupaku o ka hale mausoleum. ke kumu o ka mausoleum, aia nā alahele e alakaʻi ai i kahi lumi kahi e waiho ʻia ai nā waiwai, ke gula, a me nā koena o ke aliʻi a me ka mōʻīwahine i loko o kahi sarcophagus keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.

Statue_Rodes

Ma Helene, he kiʻi nui ka Statue of Rhodes o ke kanaka, i kūkulu ʻia i ka manawa 292-280 BC; No ka hanohano o ke akua Helios, ke kahuhipa o ka mokupuni o Rhodes, ua kukuluia ma hope o ka lanakila lanakila ana o ke kulanakauhale i ka hoouka kaua ana i hanaia ma 305 BC. M. K., malalo o ke alakai ana a ke alakai Makedonia o Demetrius, ka mea i haalele i na mea kaua he nui. ua kuaiia no ke dala no na makahiki 56. Ua luku ia e ke olai i ka makahiki 226 BC. Ua hiki aku ke kii o Rhodes i 110 kapuai ke kiekie, a ua ku kona mau wawae ma na paepae like elua, a olelo mai o Pliny: Ua oi aku na manamana wawae o ke kii i kela manawa, a ma ka olelo a ka mea kakau moolelo Theophanes, ua aahuia ke kii i ke kii. keleawe, a ua kūʻai ʻia aku kekahi o nā mea i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka Iudaio kālepa ma kona ʻāina.

Hale kukui o Alekanederia

Ma ʻAigupita, kauoha ʻo Ptolemy I i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Lighthouse o Alexandria ma kahi mokupuni i kapa ʻia ʻo Foros, a ua hoʻopau ʻia kona kūkulu ʻana i ka makahiki 280 BC. ʻO ka hale kukui i kēlā manawa ke kolu o ka lōʻihi ma hope o nā pyramid a me ka luakini o Artemis; Ua hiki aku kona loa i 440 kapuai, a o kekahi o kona mau hiohiona, oia ka ike ana i na kukuna o ka la i ke ao ma o ke aniani aniani e ku ana maluna, aka, i ka po, ua hoaa ia e ke ahi, a hiki i ke kanaka ke ike ia ia mai kahi mamao aku he 35 mile. ; ʻO ia ka 57 km. No ka hale, ʻo kona kumu he huinahā, e piʻi ma hope ma ke ʻano he octagons, akā mai ka waena mai ua kūkulu ʻia i ke ʻano pōʻai. Ua luku ʻia ka hale kukui e nā olai, ʻo ke olai mua i hoʻopōʻino nui iā ia i ka makahiki 956 AD, ukali ʻia e ka lua o ke olai i ka makahiki 1303 AD, a laila hahai ʻia ke olai ʻekolu i ka makahiki 1323 AD. ʻO kona nalowale hope loa i ka makahiki 1480 AD, a ʻo kona wahi ʻo ia. i keia manawa e nohoia ana e kekahi pakaua i kapaia kekahi o Qaitbay. Na pohaku hale kukui.