Kodi zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri zapadziko lapansi zomwe zidasangalatsa dziko lapansi ndi ziti?

Chilichonse mwa zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri zapadziko lapansi chili ndi nkhani yomwe imafotokoza chifukwa chake idamangidwa komanso kutchuka kwake, ndipo zodabwitsa izi ndi izi:
Great Pyramid Khufu

Ku Egypt, ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, Farao Khufu adalamula kuti amange manda ake, ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri pa mapiramidi atatu.Piramidi ya Khufu ili mumzinda wa Giza ku Egypt. Inamangidwa mu nthawi ya 2584-2561 BC. Inatenga zaka 20 kuti imange, ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zodabwitsa zakale kwambiri. Inalemba amuna 360 pa ntchito yomanga, ndipo midadada ya miyala 2.3 miliyoni inagwiritsidwa ntchito, yolemera pafupifupi matani 2 pa chipika chilichonse. Kutalika kwa piramidi ndi pafupifupi mapazi 480; mwachitsanzo 146 AD, ndipo anali m'modzi mwa anthu omwe amatsutsana kwambiri padziko lapansi; Amakhulupirira kuti ndi nyumba yayitali kwambiri yomangidwa ndi munthu kwa zaka 4, ndipo ndi yokhayo yomwe idapulumuka komanso yotsala pa Zozizwitsa Zisanu ndi Ziwiri za Dziko Lakale.

Minda Yolendewera ya ku Babulo

Ku Iraq, Mfumu ya Babulo Nebukadinezara anamanga Minda ya Hanging ya Babulo ku Iraq mu nthawi ya pakati pa 605-562 BC; Monga mphatso kwa mkazi wake, yemwe ankalakalaka dziko lake ndi kukongola kwa chikhalidwe chake, chimodzi mwa malongosoledwe odziwika bwino a iye ndi a wolemba mbiri Diodorus wa ku Sicily, amene anawalongosola ngati ndege zodzithirira zokha. Minda Yolenjekeka ya ku Babulo ndiyo mipanda yamiyala imene imakwera pang’onopang’ono kupitirira mamita 23. Ikhoza kufikako mwa kukwera masitepe otsatizanatsatizana.Mindayo inabzalidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya maluŵa, zipatso, ndi masamba a m’nyengo yachisanu ndi yachilimwe; Kuti ukhalebe wobiriwira ndi wotukuka kwa chaka chonse, unazunguliridwanso ndi ngalande m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Firate.” Minda imeneyi ili ndi zipata zisanu ndi zitatu, zotchuka kwambiri mwa zipatazo ndi Chipata cha Ishtar.
Kukhalapo kwa Minda Yolendewera ya ku Babulo kwatsutsana; Popeza kuti mbiri ya Babulo sinaitchule, kuwonjezera pa zimenezo, atate wa mbiri yakale Herodotus sanalankhulepo za izo m’malongosoledwe ake a mzinda wa Babulo, koma olemba mbiri ambiri atsimikizira kuti unalikodi, monga: Diodorus, Philo; ndi Strabo, ndiponso minda ya ku Babulo inawonongedwa chifukwa cha nyumba zawo.

Kachisi wa Artemi

Ku Turkey, Kachisi wa Artemi anamangidwa mothandizidwa ndi Mfumu ya Lydia, Mfumu Croesus mu 550 BC, ndipo anatchedwa Mfumukazi Artemi. Pa July 120, 425 BC, Herostratus anayatsa kachisi; Ndi cholinga chodzilengeza yekha mwa kuwononga imodzi mwa nyumba zodabwitsa kwambiri zomangidwa ndi anthu, koma Aefeso sanavomereze.
Kachisi panthawiyo ankaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo Alexander Wachiwiri anapereka ntchito yomanga, koma anthu a ku Efeso poyamba anakana, koma anamangidwanso pambuyo pa imfa yake koma pamlingo wocheperapo, ndipo anawonongedwanso. ndi Goths pamene anaukira Greece, ndiye yachitatu ndi yomaliza inamangidwa kwa The Kenako inawonongedwa kotheratu mu 401 BC, pamene gulu lalikulu la Akristu anawombera izo molamulidwa ndi Yohane Woyera, malinga ndi zimene wolemba mbiri Strabo anatchula mu. buku lake, ndipo mbali zake zina zikusungidwabe ku British Museum.

Chifanizo cha Zeus

Ku Olympia, chiboliboli cha Zeus chinapangidwa ndi mmodzi mwa ojambula abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, wojambula wachigiriki Phidias, m'zaka za zana lachisanu BC; Polemekeza mulungu Zeu, Phidias anajambula mulungu Zeu atakhala pampando wake wachifumu, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito minyanga ya njovu pomanga thupi lake, chovala chake chinali chagolide wosulidwa, ndipo utali wa fanolo unafika mamita 12, kumene iye anajambulapo. ankafuna kumujambula ali atakhala, koma chifukwa cha msinkhu wake zinkawoneka ngati waima kuti agwire denga, ndipo motero kuyerekezera kwake kwa miyeso kunali kolakwika. Chibolibolicho chinagwetsedwa ndi kusamukira ku mzinda wa Constantinople kuti ukawonongedwe ndi moto, Chikhristu chitangoyamba kumene komanso kuletsa miyambo yolambira mafano.

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (Mausolus)

Ku Turkey, manda a Mfumu ya Perisiya Satrap Mausolus, omwe amadziwika kuti Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, adamangidwa mu 351 BC, ndipo adatchedwa dzina la mzinda wa Halicarnassus, womwe mfumuyo idatenga ngati likulu lake. pamenepo m’chikumbukiro chake, ndipo patapita zaka ziŵiri nayenso anamwalira, ndipo mtembo wake unaikidwa pamenepo pamodzi ndi wa mwamuna wake. Kutalika kwa mausoleum kunafika mamita 353, ndipo 135 osema achigiriki adatenga nawo mbali pakukongoletsa kwake. Malo opatulikawo anawonongedwa ndi gulu la zivomezi, ndipo mu 4 AD, anaphwasulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali a Yohane Woyera pomanga Bodrum Castle, ndipo miyala yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ikadalipo mpaka pano.
Nyumbayi ili ndi magawo atatu kuchokera mkati, m'munsi mwake, mlendoyo akupeza holo yaikulu yomangidwa ndi miyala ya marble yoyera, pamwamba pake ndi yachiwiri, yomwe ili ndi mizati 36 yogawidwa pamwamba pa denga la mausoleum. Pansi pa mausoleum, pali makonde omwe amapita kuchipinda komwe chuma, golide, ndi zotsalira za mfumu ndi mfumukazi zimayikidwa mkati mwa miyala yoyera ya marble sarcophagus.

Statue_Rhodes

Ku Greece, Chifaniziro cha Rhodes ndi chifaniziro chachikulu cha mwamuna wamwamuna, womangidwa mu nthawi ya 292-280 BC; Polemekeza mulungu Helios, mbusa wa chilumba cha Rhodes, idamangidwa pambuyo poteteza bwino mzindawu motsutsana ndi kuwukira komwe kunachitika mu 305 BC. anagulitsidwa ndi ndalama kwa zaka 56. Anawonongedwa ndi chivomezi mu 226 BC. Chifaniziro cha Rhodes chinafika kutalika kwa mamita 110, ndipo miyendo yake inayima pazitsulo ziwiri zofanana, ndipo Pliny akuti: Zala za fanolo ndi zazikulu kuposa fano lililonse panthawiyo, ndipo malinga ndi wolemba mbiri Theophanes, fanolo linali ndi mkuwa. ndi mabwinja ake ena anagulitsidwa kwa wamalonda Myuda, nasamutsidwa ku dziko la kwawo.

Lighthouse waku Alexandria

Ku Igupto, Ptolemy Woyamba analamula kumanga Nyumba Yowunikira ya Alexandria pa chilumba chotchedwa Foros, ndipo ntchito yomanga inamalizidwa mu 280 BC. Utali wake unafika mamita 440, ndipo chimodzi mwa mbali zake n’chakuti unkaonetsa kuwala kwa dzuŵa masana kudzera pagalasi limene lili pamwamba pake, koma usiku unali kuyatsidwa ndi moto, ndipo munthu ankatha kuliona patali makilomita 35. ; Umenewo ndi makilomita 57. Ponena za kamangidwe kake, tsinde lake linali lalikulu, kukwera pambuyo pake ngati ma octagons, koma kuchokera pakati linamangidwa mozungulira. Chivomezicho chinaonongedwa ndi zivomezi.Chivomezi choyamba chinawononga kwambiri mu 956 AD, kenako chivomezi chachiwiri mu 1303. kumangidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu yotchedwa ena a Qaitbei.