Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za matenda am'matumbo ndi am'mimba - zotupa

Dr. Matthew Tetherley, Consultant Colorectal and Laparoscopic Surgeon ku Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, amayankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza matenda a colorectal.

Choyamba, zotupa ndi chiyani?

Zotupa ndi amodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'matumbo ndi rectum. Oposa theka la anthu adzakhala ndi zotupa pa nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo, nthawi zambiri atatha zaka makumi atatu. Zotupa zakunja zimakhala ndi mitsempha yotuluka pansi pa khungu ku anus, yomwe imatha kutupa kapena kuyambitsa kupweteka. Nthawi zina zimakhala zowawa kwambiri ngati magazi atsekeka (thrombosis). Zotupa zamkati, zomwe zimakhudza ngalande yamatako, zimadziwika ndi kutuluka magazi popanda kupweteka komanso kutuluka m'matumbo panthawi yamatumbo. Pamene zotupa zimakula kwambiri, zimatha kutuluka.

Kodi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za zotupa zotupa ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndikutuluka magazi m'matumbo popanda kupweteka. Kutaya magazi kumeneku kungawonekere pang'ono pa minofu kapena m'chimbudzi. Odwala amadandaulanso kusapeza bwino kapena kuyabwa m`dera kumatako. Nthawi zina pakakhala zotupa zazikulu, kutuluka kwa anus kumachitika ndipo kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Koma kukhalapo kwa ululu woopsa pamene chimbudzi chimayamba chifukwa cha vuto lina lotchedwa anal fissure.

Ndi liti pamene dokotala wa opaleshoni ya m'matumbo ndi m'matumbo ayenera kufunsidwa?

Zotupa ndizofala kwambiri ndipo pali njira zambiri zochizira. Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira posintha moyo wawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osavuta. Koma ngati zizindikirozo sizikutha pakadutsa milungu iwiri, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya m'matumbo ndi m'matumbo ayenera kufunsidwa. Magazi ofiira owala potuluka komanso pambuyo pake ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha zotupa. Mwatsoka, zizindikiro zofanana zikhoza kuchitika matenda ena monga colitis ndi khansa. Choncho, ngati kutuluka kwa magazi sikusiya ndi chithandizo chosavuta mkati mwa milungu iwiri, ndikofunika kukaonana ndi opaleshoni ya colon ndi rectal.

Kodi zotupa zotupa ndi ziti?

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotupa zotupa komanso zomwe ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zipewe ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi matumbo, kukhala pachimbudzi kwa nthawi yayitali (powerenga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja), kudzimbidwa kapena kutsekula m'mimba kosatha, mimba ndi chibadwa.

Kodi zotupa zimazindikiridwa bwanji?

Njira yosavuta yodziwira mavutowa ndikufufuza ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya m'matumbo ndi rectum yemwe amakumana ndi izi. Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, kufufuza kwa digito (kompyuta) kwa rectum kumachitidwa ndi proctoscopy ndi sigmoidoscopy (njira yosavuta yowunikira rectum). Nthawi zina colonoscopy yokwanira imalimbikitsidwa ngati pali zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena a m'matumbo, monga kusintha kwa matumbo, kapena ngati pali zifukwa zowopsa za khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kodi zotupa tingapewe bwanji?

Kupewa ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiza! Njira yosavuta yopewera zotupa ndikusunga chimbudzi kuti chisadutse popanda kupsinjika. Ndikofunikanso kuti musamakhale nthawi yayitali pachimbudzi komanso kuti musamavutike potuluka m'matumbo. Momwemo, pitani kuchimbudzi pokhapokha ngati pali kufunikira kwakukulu kuti mutsegule matumbo ndipo musakhale pansi kwa mphindi 3 mpaka 4 pamene mukudutsa chimbudzi kugwirizana kwa mankhwala otsukira mano.

Kodi mankhwala a zotupa?

Zimathandiza pachiyambi kusintha zakudya ndi kuwonjezera madzi. Kusunga malo owuma ndi aukhondo ndikofunikiranso. Zilowerereni malo m'madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 15 kawiri kapena katatu tsiku lililonse, makamaka mutatsegula matumbo. Mukaumitsa ntchito chopukutira ndi kumenya osati kupukuta. Ngati njirazi sizikuyenda bwino, mungafunikire mankhwala, nthawi zambiri mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta kapena mankhwala ofewetsa chimbudzi. Ngati zotupa za m'mimba zimayambitsa kupweteka kapena kuyabwa, mankhwala oletsa kupweteka m'deralo kapena steroid cream amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, zizindikiro za zotupa zimatha kutha pakadutsa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya m'matumbo ndi am'mimba ali ndi njira zambiri zothanirana ndi zotupa, kuphatikizapo njira zomwe zimachitika kuchipatala, monga mphira wa rabara kapena jekeseni yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa zotupa. Palinso maopaleshoni angapo omwe angakhoze kuchitidwa, monga kulumikiza mitsempha, kutsegula kotsegula kwa chotupa kapena stapled hemorrhoidectomy. Dokotalayo amasankha chithandizo choyenera ndi opaleshoni malinga ndi mtundu wa zotupa zomwe wodwalayo amadwala.