Azimayi omwe adasintha mbiri yakale ndikulakwiridwa ndi mabuku

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu waumunthu, akazi awiriwa ali ndi udindo wochepa poyerekeza ndi akatswiri ena onse.

Chithunzi cha Scientist Grace Eldring

M'zaka za m'ma thirties zaka zapitazo, zomwe zinachitikira nthawi ya Kendrick ndi Eldring kuchita kafukufuku wawo, chifuwa cha chimfine chikuyimira vuto lenileni kwa anthu, ku United States of America, matendawa amapha chaka chilichonse anthu oposa 6000, 95% a iwo. ndi ana, kuposa matenda ena ambiri monga chifuwa chachikulu, diphtheria ndi scarlet fever kuchokera kumene chiwerengero cha imfa. Munthu akagwidwa ndi chifuwa cha chimfine, wodwalayo amasonyeza zizindikiro zina za chimfine ndipo kutentha kwake kumakwera pang’ono, ndipo amadwalanso chifuwa chowuma chimene chimakula pang’onopang’ono, kenako n’kumakhala chimfine chachitali chofanana ndi kulira kwa tambala.

Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, wodwalayo amavutika ndi kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa komwe kungapangitse kuti pakhale zovuta zina zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri pa moyo wake.

Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1914, ochita kafukufuku ayesetsa kulimbana ndi chifuwa cha chiphuphuko pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, koma zoyesayesa zawo zinalephereka, chifukwa katemera amene anaikidwa pamsika analibe ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kwa asayansi kudziwa makhalidwe a mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa.

Chithunzi cha dokotala waku Scotland James Lind

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma XNUMX, asayansi Pearl Kendrick ndi Grace Eldring anadzitengera okha kuthetsa kuvutika kwa ana okhala ndi pertussis. Paubwana wawo, Kendrick ndi Eldring onse anadwala chifuwa cha chimfine ndipo anachira, ndipo onse anagwira ntchito ya maphunziro kwanthaŵi yochepa ndipo anasonkhezereka kuona kuvutika kwa ana okhala ndi nthendayi.

Pearl Kendrick ndi Chris Eldring anakhazikika ku Grand Rapids, Michigan. M’chaka cha 1932, chigawochi chinaona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda a pertussis. Tsiku lililonse, asayansi awiriwa, omwe amagwira ntchito m'modzi mwa ma laboratories am'deralo a dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ku Michigan, adasuntha pakati pa nyumba za anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa kuti apeze zitsanzo za mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa cha chifuwa posonkhanitsa madontho kuchokera ku chifuwa cha ana odwala. .

Chithunzi cha Scientist Lonnie Gordon

Kendrick ndi Eldring ankagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa maola ambiri ndipo kafukufuku wawo adagwirizana ndi nthawi yovuta m'mbiri ya United States of America, pamene dzikolo linavutika ndi zotsatira za Kuvutika Maganizo Kwakukulu, zomwe zinachepetsa bajeti yoperekedwa ku kafukufuku wa sayansi. Pachifukwa ichi, asayansi awiriwa anali ndi bajeti yochepa kwambiri yomwe siinawapatse mwayi wopeza mbewa za labu.

Chithunzi cha dokotala waku America, Jonas Salk

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto limeneli, Kendrick ndi Eldring anayesetsa kukopa akatswiri angapo, madokotala ndi anamwino kuti awathandize ndi labotale, ndipo anthu a m’derali amene anapezeka mwaunyinji, anaitanidwa kuti abwere kudzatenga ana awo. kuyesa katemera watsopano wa chifuwa chachikulu. Kendrick ndi Eldring adatengeranso mwayi paulendo wa mayi woyamba wa United States of America, Eleanor Roosevelt (Eleanor Roosevelt) ku Grand Rapids, ndipo adamutumizira kalata yomuitana kuti akachezere ma laboratory ndikutsata kafukufukuyu. , Eleanor Roosevelt adalowererapo kuti apereke chithandizo chandalama pantchito ya katemera wa pertussis.

Chithunzi cha Alexander Fleming, wotulukira penicillin

Chithunzi cha Mayi Woyamba wa United States of America, Eleanor Roosevelt

Mu 1934, kafukufuku wa Kendrick ndi Eldring anapeza zotsatira zodabwitsa mu Grand Rapids. Pazaka zitatu zotsatira, zatsopano anatsimikizira lapamwamba la katemera latsopanoli motsutsana chifuwa chifuwa, monga ndondomeko katemera gulu la ana 1592 anasonyeza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha matenda ndi pafupifupi 3 peresenti.

Kendrick ndi Eldring anapitirizabe kafukufuku wawo wa katemerayu m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX ndipo anapatsa asayansi odziwika ambiri kuti awathandize, ndipo Loney Gordon anali m’gulu la asayansi amenewa, chifukwa omalizawo anathandiza kuti katemerayu apite patsogolo ndipo anathandiza kwambiri kuti katemera wa DPT atuluke katatu. motsutsana ndi diphtheria ndi chifuwa Kuphulika ndi kafumbata