Yeyiphi imimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi eye yalimangalisa ihlabathi?

Ngamnye kwimimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi inebali elichaza isizathu sokwakhiwa kwayo kunye nodumo lwayo, kwaye le mimangaliso yile:
Iphiramidi enkulu Khufu

EYiphutha sesinye sezona zakhiwo zinkulu ehlabathini.UFaro Khufu wayalela ukuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kube lingcwaba lakhe, kwaye yeyona inkulu kwiipiramidi ezintathu.Iphiramidi yeKhufu ikwidolophu yaseGiza eYiputa Yakhiwa ngexesha lika-2584-2561 BC.Kwathatha iminyaka engama-20 ukwakhiwa, kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zindala ezimangalisayo. Yabhalisa amadoda angama-360 ekwakhiweni kwayo, kwaza kwasetyenziswa izitena zamatye ezizizigidi ezisisi-2.3, ezinobunzima obumalunga neetoni ezi-2 kwibhloko nganye. Ubude bephiramidi bumalunga neemitha ezingama-480; oko kukuthi i-146 AD, kwaye yayingomnye wabantu abaphikisana kakhulu kwihlabathi; Kukholelwa ukuba sesona sakhiwo sikhulu sakhiwa ngumntu kangangeminyaka engama-4 XNUMX, yaye sikuphela kwento eyasindayo neshiyekileyo kwiZimanga Ezisixhenxe Zehlabathi Lamandulo.

Imiyezo ejingayo yaseBhabhiloni

E-Iraq, ukumkani waseBhabhiloni uNebhukadenetsare wakha iiGadi ezijingayo zaseBhabheli e-Iraq ngexesha eliphakathi ko-605-562 BC; Njengesipho kumfazi wakhe, owayelangazelela ilizwe lakhe kunye nobuhle bendalo yakhe, enye yezona nkcazelo zibalaseleyo ngaye yileyo yombhali-mbali uDiodorus waseSicily, owachaza njengeenqwelo-moya zezityalo zokunkcenkceshela. IHanging Gardens yaseBhabhiloni ngamathafa anamatye anyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kutsho ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-23, yaye unokufikelelwa ngokunyuka ngothotho lwezinyuko.” Imiyezo yayityalwe iindidi ezininzi zeentyatyambo, iziqhamo, imifuno yasebusika nehlobo; Ukuze ihlale iluhlaza yaye ichumile unyaka wonke, yayingqongwe ngumjelo oselunxwemeni loMlambo umEfrate.* Le miyezo inamasango asibhozo, elona lidumileyo liSango likaIshtar.
Ubukho beMiyezo Ejingayo yaseBhabhiloni buye baxoxisana ngayo; Ekubeni imbali yaseBhabhiloni ingazange iyikhankanye, ukongezelela koko, uyise wembali uHerodotus akazange athethe ngayo kwinkcazelo yakhe yesixeko saseBhabhiloni, kodwa ababhali-mbali abaninzi baye bangqina ukuba ikho, njengale: Diodorus, Philo, neStrabo, nemiyezo yaseBhabhiloni yatshatyalaliswa emva kwezakhiwo zayo.” Inyikima yahlasela loo mmandla.

Itempile ka-Artemis

ETurkey, iTempile ka-Artemis yakhiwa phantsi kolawulo lukaKumkani waseLydia, uKumkani uCroesus ngo-550 BC, yathiywa ngegama likaKumkanikazi uArtemis, ukuphakama kwayo kwafikelela kuma-120 eenyawo nobubanzi bayo buziimitha ezingama-425. yindoda egama linguHerostratus; NgoJulayi 225, 127 BC, uHerostratus watshisa itempile; Ngenjongo yokuzivakalisa ngokutshabalalisa esinye sezona zakhiwo zimangalisayo zakhiwe ngabantu, kodwa abase-Efese abazange bakuvume oko.
Itempile ngelo xesha yayigqalwa njengenye yezona zakhiwo zimangalisayo nezimangalisayo, yaye uAleksandire II wanikela ngokwakhiwa kwayo, kodwa abantu base-Efese baqale bala, kodwa yaphinda yakhiwa emva kokufa kwakhe kodwa ngomlinganiselo omncinane, yaza yatshatyalaliswa kwakhona. ngamaGoths xa wayehlasela iGrisi, emva koko eyesithathu neyokugqibela yakhelwe i. Emva koko yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngo-401 BC, xa iqela elikhulu lamaKristu layidubula phantsi komyalelo ka-Saint John, ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uStrabo okhankanywe kuyo. incwadi yakhe, yaye ezinye iinxalenye zayo zisagcinwe kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani.

Umfanekiso kaZeus

E-Olympia, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaZeus wenziwa ngomnye wabakroli ababalaseleyo emhlabeni, umdwebi ongumGrike uPhidias, ngenkulungwane yesihlanu BC; Ezukisa uthixo uZeyus, uPhidias wabonisa uthixo uZeyus ehleli etroneni yakhe, yaye xa wayesakha wasebenzisa uphondo lwendlovu ukuze afanekise umzimba wakhe, yaye isinxibo sakhe yayenziwe ngegolide ekhandiweyo, ubude balo mfanekiso bafikelela kwi-12 m. wayefuna ukumfota ngoxa wayehleli, kodwa ngenxa yobude bakhe wabonakala ngathi umile ukuze abambe isilingi, yaye ngaloo ndlela uqikelelo lwakhe lwemilinganiselo lwalungachanekanga. Lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo wabhukuqwa waza wasiwa kwisixeko saseConstantinople ukuze utshatyalaliswe ngomlilo, emva kokuvela kobuKristu nokwalelwa kwezithethe zonqulo-zithixo.

I-Mausoleum yaseHalicarnassus (iMausolus)

ETurkey, i-mausoleum yenkosi yasePersi uSatrap Mausolus, eyaziwa ngokuba yiMausoleum yaseHalicarnassus, yakhiwa ngo-351 BC, kwaye yathiywa ngegama lesixeko saseHalicarnassus, ukumkani awasithatha njengekomkhulu lakhe.Ngo-353 BC, amathambo akhe abekwa apho kwinkumbulo yakhe, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva naye wafa, yaye isidumbu sakhe sabekwa apho ecaleni kweso somyeni wakhe. Ukuphakama kwe-mausoleum kwafikelela kwiimitha ze-135, kwaye abadwebi be-4 baseGrike bathatha inxaxheba ekuhlobiseni kwayo. Ingcwele yatshatyalaliswa liqela leenyikima, kwaye ngo-1494 AD, yachithwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yasetyenziswa ngumkhosi kaSaint John ekwakhiweni kweNqaba yaseBodrum, kwaye amatye asetyenziswayo asekho nanamhlanje.
I-mausoleum ineenxalenye ezintathu ukusuka ngaphakathi, kwindawo engezantsi, undwendwe lufumana iholo enkulu eyakhiwe ngebhastile elimhlophe, phezulu kwinqanaba lesibini, elineentsika ezingama-36 ezisasazwe phezu kweendawo zokuxhasa isilingi ye-mausoleum. isiseko se-mausoleum, kukho iipaseji ezikhokelela kwigumbi apho ubuncwane, igolide, kunye neentsalela zokumkani kunye nokumkanikazi zibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-marble sarcophagus emhlophe.

Umfanekiso_kaRhodes

EGrisi, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseRhodes ngumfanekiso omkhulu womntu oyindoda, owakhiwe kwixesha le-292-280 BC; Ukuhlonipha uthixo uHelios, umalusi wesiqithi saseRhodes, yakhiwa emva kokhuselo oluyimpumelelo lwesixeko ngokuchasene nohlaselo olwenzeka ngo-305 BC. AD, phantsi kobunkokeli benkokeli yaseMakedoni uDemetrius, owashiya ngasemva izixhobo ezininzi eziye zafunyanwa. zathengiswa ngesixa semali iminyaka engama 56. Yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima ngowama-226 BC. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaRhodes wafikelela kubude obuziimitha ezili-110, kwaye imilenze yawo yema kwiziseko ezibini ezifanayo, aze uPliny athi: Iminwe yalo mfanekiso mikhulu kunawo nawuphi na umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngelo xesha, yaye ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uTheophanes, lo mfanekiso wawugqunywe ngobhedu. yaye inxalenye yamabhodlo ayo yathengiswa kumrhwebi ongumYuda waza wasiwa kwilizwe lakhe.

I-Lighthouse yase-Alexandria

E-Egypt, uPtolemy I wayalela ukwakhiwa kweLighthouse yase-Aleksandriya kwisiqithi esibizwa ngokuba yiForos, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwayo kwagqitywa ngowama-280 BC. I-lighthouse ngelo xesha yayiyeyesithathu ngokobude emva kweepiramidi kunye neTempile ka-Artemis; Yayifikelela kubude obuziimitha ezingama-440, yaye enye yeempawu zayo yayikukuba yayibonakalisa imitha yelanga emini ngesipili esingasentla, kodwa ebusuku yayikhanyiswa ngumlilo, yaye umntu unokuyibona kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-35. ; Oko kukuthi iikhilomitha ezingama-57. Ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo, isiseko saso sasiyi-square, ukunyuka kamva kwifom ye-octagons, kodwa ukusuka embindini yakhiwe ngendlela ejikelezayo. Indlu yesibane yatshatyalaliswa ziinyikima.Inyikima yokuqala yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuyo ngo-956 AD, yalandelwa yinyikima yesibini ngo-1303, yalandelwa yinyikima yesithathu ngo-1323 AD, yaza yanyamalala okokugqibela ngo-1480 AD, indawo yayo ngoku. Ihlala kwinqaba ebizwa ngokuba yiQaitbei.