Ibali lobomi lika-Ibn Sahl, isazinzulu sase-Arab esafumanisa ukuchaneka kokukhanya

Uyingcali yezibalo kunye nefiziksi yamaSilamsi, ugqirha kunye nenjineli kwi-optics. Unophando oluninzi kunye neethiyori kwiimilo zejometri. . Kuphuhliswe kwaye kwafunyanwa umthetho wokuqala wokuphinda-phinda, kwaye umthetho wasetyenziselwa ukukhupha iimilo zeelensi ezigxininisa ukukhanya ngaphandle kokuphambuka, ezaziwa ngokuba ziilensi zokuphinda-phinda, ezingesetyhula ngobume.

Ungu-Ibn Sahel, igama lakhe ngu-Abu Saad Al-Ala Ibn Sahel.Waphila ukusuka ku-940 ukuya ku-1000 AD. Ungumfundi wamaSilamsi osuka ePersi owayesebenza kwinkundla yase-Abbasid eBaghdad.

Ungenelwe kulwazi luka-Ibn Sahl, isazinzulu esikhulu uzuko lwakhe lwabetha i-horizons, kwaye ngu-Ibn al-Haytham owayehlala ukusuka kwi-965 ukuya ku-1040 AD. Izinto ezibalulekileyo eziye zafunyanwa kwinzululwazi yokukhanya kunye ne-Optics.Enene yahlahl' indlela yokuvela kuka-Ibn al-Haytham.

Umthetho kaSnell wandulela

Ukuba kukho umntu obonisa namhlanje ukuba umfumani womthetho wokuchaswa kokukhanya owaziwa ngokuba “ngumthetho kaSnell” ngusonzululwazi waseDatshi uWillbrord Snelius owayephila ukusuka ngo-1580 ukuya ku-1626 AD, enyanisweni, u-Ibn Sahel waba ngowokuqala ukutsalela ingqalelo kumba wo ukujikwa kunye nokugoba kokukhanya xa kuhamba ukusuka komnye umgangatho ukuya komnye, njengokuwela Ukusuka kwivacuum ukuya kwiglasi okanye emanzini.

Ama-Arabhu ayenomdla kwinzululwazi ye- optics ngenxa yonxulumano olukhulu nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ekwenzeni iiteleskopu zenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuze zilandele intshukumo yemizimba nokujonga idome yesibhakabhaka.Ithiyori ka-Aristotle yokubona izinto ngeliso lenyama.

Incwadi kwiilensi

U-Ibn Sahel unencwadi edume ngakumbi eNtshona, kwaye igama layo lithi "Incwadi malunga neMirror evuthayo kunye neeLens" apho yayithetha ngezifundo zeelensi zazo zonke iintlobo ukusuka kwi-oval ukuya kwi-concave, kwaye iphinde ichukumise ukuzoba amagophe njengoko zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwi-optics kunye neejometri ze-astronomy.

Igalelo elenziwa ngu-Ibn Sahel, nokuba kukufumanisa ukuchaneka kokukhanya okanye usetyenziso alwenzileyo kulo mxholo, ukusuka ekuyileni iilensi ezigxininisa ekukhanyeni nasekufumaneni iintlobo ezininzi zeelensi, konke oku kutyhila ingqondo exhotyisiweyo ekwazile ukudibanisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelensi. ulwazi awalufumana kwimathematika, ifiziksi nobunjineli.

Ukutshisa umzimba kude

Olunye lweemvavanyo ezikhwankqisayo ezenziwa ngu-Ibn Sahel yayilulwazi lwakhe lokutshisa into ekude kwaye wagqiba ukuba oku kunokwenziwa njani kusetyenziswa iilensi kwaye wajonga izibalo ezinxulumene nesi sihloko, isihloko esingeyonto intsha ngokwaso. amaGrike ayeyazi.

Kodwa wongezelela kuyo waza wayijula ​​ngendlela yenzululwazi waza wasichazela indlela i-lens eqondiswe ngayo elangeni ukuze ukukhanya okuvuthayo kuqokelelwe kwindawo ethile, eyona nto igxininiso yelensi engaphandle kwayo kwindawo ethile. umgama onokubalwa ngokwazi ububanzi be-lens kunye nezinto ezithile kwi-optics.

Kwincwadi yakhe ethi “A Book on Burning Mirrors and Lenses,” uwuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha lo mbandela. Ngokubanzi, inzululwazi ephakanyiswe yindoda yayiyinto ekhwankqisayo kubabhali-mbali, kwaye ezinye zezinto zakhe ezintsha zazijongwa njengamaqhinga obugcisa obutsha.